Sparklers, Literary Hotels, Wimbledon, Ice Cream Cookbooks, Seattle Noir & More: Endnotes 04 July

Sparklers, Literary Hotels, Wimbledon, Ice Cream Cookbooks, Seattle Noir & More: Endnotes 04 July

Friday, 4 July, 2025

Every Friday, we celebrate the weekend — and all the reading and relaxing and daydreaming time ahead — with Melissa's favorite book- and travel-related links of the week. Why work when you can read fun stuff?!

This post is part of our Endnotes series.

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Is it even summer if you don’t write your name in the dark with a sparkler? Some historians say we have Byzantine architect Callinicus of Heliopolis to thank for sparklers. He invented ‘Greek Fire’ — fire sticks meant to be shot at enemy ships. The incendiary liquid he created was nearly impossible to extinguish. And/but in China during the 7th century, bamboo sticks were filled with gunpowder to produce light and a big boom. Eventually, that evolved into dipping bamboo into a slurry that threw off pretty sparks, without the accompanying bang. Fast forward about 1200 years, and you get wunderkerzen, the German version of a sparkler that replaced bamboo with wire, but kept the original gunpowder. Today, sparklers are made from a wire coated in a (safely) flammable paste that burns at 1800°F to 3000°F (1000 °C to 1600 °C). The color of the sparks changes based on the metallic fuel: Iron delivers an orange/red glow, aluminum and magnesium burn white or yellow, and titanium shoots off silver sparks. This Wired magazine video will arm you with facts you can share at your July Fourth cookout. The artists Tobias Kipp and Timo Pitkamo put all that science to use in their pyrography: portraits drawn with lit sparklers. Here’s a video (with a very snazzy soundtrack) — and here are tips for photographing sparklers.

 
 
 

Write your name on the night.

Top image courtesy of Ian Schneider/Unsplash.

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